Sepideh Tarbali; Shiva Khezri
Volume 22, Issue 5 , November and December 2015, , Pages 815-822
Abstract
Background: Depression is the most common psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The exact cause of the high rate of depression in these patients is unknown, and a combination of neurological factors, including the loss of nerves coverage and psychosocial are involved. The hippocampus ...
Read More
Background: Depression is the most common psychological symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The exact cause of the high rate of depression in these patients is unknown, and a combination of neurological factors, including the loss of nerves coverage and psychosocial are involved. The hippocampus is extremely vulnerable to neurological diseases and has an important role in mood disorders such as depression. This study aimed to determine the effects of vitamin D3 on improving depression was conducted in an experimental model of MS.
Materials and Methods: For demyelination induction, 2µl lysolecithin was injected streotaxically into the CA1 area of hippocampus in male rat. Animals treated with vitamin D3, received 5μg/kg vitamin D3 for 7, 14 and 21 days post lesion with intraperitoneal injection. The forced swimming test was applied to determine the depression.
Results: Administration of lysolecithin as the inducer of MS disease caused demyelination and depression. In lysolecithin treated animals the immobility time as an indicator of depression in the forced swimming test on 14 day and 21 day post lesion showed a significant increase compared to the control group. While the administration of vitamin D3 for 14 and 21 days caused improvement of depression compared to the group receiving lysolecithin alone.
Conclusion: It seems prescribing of vitamin D3 at dose of 5μg/kg can improve depression in an experimental model of MS. However, evaluation of effects of vitamin D3 on the depression in MS patients, requires much more extensive studies.
Saeed Semnanian; Hossein Baharvand; Shiva Khezri; Mohammad Javan
Volume 18, Issue 3 , September and October 2011, , Pages 179-187
Abstract
Background and Purpose: Novel strategies of MS try to stimulate endogenous neural stem cells for demyelination repair. Increased levels of cAMP potentiate the repair mechanisms in CNS by activating PKA or independently. In the present study، we investigated the effect of dbcAMP on neural stem cells ...
Read More
Background and Purpose: Novel strategies of MS try to stimulate endogenous neural stem cells for demyelination repair. Increased levels of cAMP potentiate the repair mechanisms in CNS by activating PKA or independently. In the present study، we investigated the effect of dbcAMP on neural stem cells migration in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS. Methods and Materials: Mice were immunized with 300 µg MOG peptide emulsified in complete Freund''s adjuvant (CFA) and pertussis toxin (PT). Control mice received CFA and PT. Groups of EAE- mice received i.p. injections of dbcAMP 10mg/kg from day 9-14 or 9-21. Animals were observed daily for neurological deficit. Nestin expression was used as a marker to detect neural stem cells. The number of Nestin+ cells in SVZ and olfactory bulb (OB) was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining. GraphPad Prism Version 5 was used for analyzing the data. For the clinical signs of EAE، the differences between the same days were compared by unpaired t-test. For the number of Nestin+ cells، the statistical differences between the groups were determined by one-way ANOVA and Tukey post-test. Results: EAE induction caused clinical signs and paralysis of tail and hind limbs. dbcAMP significantly reduced the incidence and severity of EAE in mice immunized with MOG. Maximum of scores reached 0.66±0.13 for dbcAMP treated mice (2.5±0.2 for EAE mice) on 21 dpi (day post inductin). EAE induction did not change number of nestin+ cells in SVZ but it increased it in OB. With developing of scores on 21dpi، the number of cells decreased (5.66±1.20). dbcAMP injection from 9-21 dpi increased these cells in SVZ. With developing of EAE scores on 21 dpi، the number of these cells in OB increased (19.5±2.04) and has significant differences with the control group. The treatment of EAE induced mice with dbcAMP from 9-21 dpi was assosiated with a significant elevation of Nestin+ cells in OB (40±2.73) (P